2010 · Wireless Sensor Network
A Reliable and Efficient Time Synchronization Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network
Evidence basis: full-text-reviewed · Review status: catalog-reviewed; paper-author approval pending
performance-analysis resource-analysis observability
wireless sensor networks time synchronization L-SYNCng convex hull clock drift NS-2.31 heterogeneous topology clock offset clock skew
Core contribution: The paper proposes L-SYNCng, a time-synchronization protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks that combines topology-aware clustering with convex-hull clock estimation.
Catalog abstract summary
L-SYNCng combines topology-aware clustering with convex-hull estimation of clock offset and skew for synchronization in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.
Source: Public article/full-text evidence reviewed; abstract paraphrased for this catalog.
Problem and motivation
Clock offset, clock drift, delayed or unreliable packets, and heterogeneous topology make accurate and efficient synchronization difficult in wireless sensor networks; multihop clock conversion also accumulates error (abstract and pp. 1, 3, 7).
Method and contribution
L-SYNCng combines degree-/weight-based clustering, shorter inter-cluster routes, and convex-hull estimation of clock offset and skew. The synchronization phase uses cluster-head broadcasts, acknowledgements, timestamp histories, and route-based clock conversion (pp. 3-7).
Findings and evidence
NS-2.31 simulations compare L-SYNCng with L-SYNC and SLTP in homogeneous/heterogeneous and noisy/noiseless settings. The reported plots show slower growth of average synchronization error for L-SYNCng and improved robustness to delayed packets when convex-hull estimation is used (pp. 7-8; qualitative graph evidence, no exact numeric error table).
Limitations and future directions
Limitations: The evidence is simulation-only: no hardware-clock, energy-consumption, deployment, or dynamic-membership result was verified. The paper does not provide a reusable empirical dataset or exact tabulated error values.
Future work: Apply L-SYNCng to dynamic sensor networks in which nodes can change status or membership (pp. 8-9, conclusion).
Sources and identifiers
- Published version published
- Public full text · PDF public_full_text
When to cite this paper
Cite this paper when your work uses or compares l-SYNCng's topology-aware clustering for heterogeneous WSN synchronization.
- L-SYNCng's topology-aware clustering for heterogeneous WSN synchronization.
- Convex-hull clock offset/skew estimation under delayed or noisy synchronization packets.
- The specific L-SYNCng/L-SYNC/SLTP comparison over 100-node homogeneous and heterogeneous simulated networks.
Citation
@article{ezzatiJivan2010areliable,
author = {Masoume Jabbarifar and Alireza Shameli-Sendi and Alireza Sadighian and Naser Ezzati-Jivan and Michel R. Dagenais},
title = {A Reliable and Efficient Time Synchronization Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network},
year = {2010},
journal = {Wireless Sensor Network},
volume = {02},
number = {12},
pages = {910-918},
publisher = {Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.},
issn = {1945-3078, 1945-3086},
doi = {10.4236/wsn.2010.212109},
url = {https://doi.org/10.4236/wsn.2010.212109}
}Other citation formats for Word and reference managers
Jabbarifar, M., Shameli-Sendi, A., Sadighian, A., Ezzati-Jivan, N., & Dagenais, M. R. (2010). A Reliable and Efficient Time Synchronization Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network. Wireless Sensor Network, 02(12), 910-918. https://doi.org/10.4236/wsn.2010.212109M. Jabbarifar, A. Shameli-Sendi, A. Sadighian, N. Ezzati-Jivan, and M. R. Dagenais, "A Reliable and Efficient Time Synchronization Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network," Wireless Sensor Network, vol. 02, no. 12, pp. 910-918, 2010, doi: 10.4236/wsn.2010.212109